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    <li class="nav-header no-margin-top">
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The date that this version of PadWalker was released.">
      <span class="relatize">27 Sep 2020 12:36:18 UTC</span>
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  <li>
    Distribution: <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker">PadWalker</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    Module version: 2.5
  </li>
  <li>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker/source/PadWalker.pm">Source</a>
    (<a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker/source/PadWalker.pm?raw=1">raw</a>)
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  <li>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g b" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker/source">Browse</a>
    (<a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker/source?raw=1">raw</a>)
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    <li>
      <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g c" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker/changes">Changes</a>
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    <li>
      <a class="nopopup" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker/contribute">How to Contribute</a>
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    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=PadWalker">Issues</a>
      (21)
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=PadWalker+2.5" title="Matrix">Testers</a>
        <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/P/PadWalker.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=2.5&amp;grade=2" style="color: #090">6108</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/P/PadWalker.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=2.5&amp;grade=3" style="color: #900">0</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/P/PadWalker.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=2.5&amp;grade=4">0</a>)</span>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/release/ROBIN/PadWalker-2.5">Kwalitee</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The # people with an indexing permission on PadWalker who have released something to CPAN in the last 2 years (i.e. the # people likely able to release critical fixes in a timely manner)">
      Bus factor: 0
      </div>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpancover.com/latest/PadWalker-2.5/index.html">82.64% Coverage </a>
    </li>
    <li>
      License: unknown
    </li>
    <li>
      Perl: v5.8.1
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Activity</li>
    <li>
<div class="activity-graph">
    <img src="https://metacpan.org/dist/PadWalker/activity.svg?res=month" />
    <div class="comment">24 month</div>
</div>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Tools</li>
    <li>
      <a itemprop="downloadUrl" href="https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/R/RO/ROBIN/PadWalker-2.5.tar.gz">
      Download (<span itemprop="fileSize">15.96KB</span>)</a>
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      <a href="https://explorer.metacpan.org/?url=%2Fmodule%2FROBIN%2FPadWalker-2.5%2FPadWalker.pm">
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    </li>
    <li class="version-jump">
<select onchange="document.location.href=&#39;/release/&#39;+this.value+&#39;/view/PadWalker.pm&#39;" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
  <option disabled selected>Jump to version</option>
<option
  disabled
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.5"
>2.5
  (ROBIN on 2020-09-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.4"
>2.4
  (ROBIN on 2020-09-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.3"
>2.3
  (ROBIN on 2017-11-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.2"
>2.2
  (ROBIN on 2015-10-23)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.1"
>2.1
  (ROBIN on 2015-04-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.0"
>2.0
  (ROBIN on 2014-12-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.99_1"
>1.99_1 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2014-11-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.99"
>1.99
  (ROBIN on 2014-11-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.98"
>1.98
  (ROBIN on 2013-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.96"
>1.96
  (ROBIN on 2012-08-24)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.97"
>1.97
  (ROBIN on 2013-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.95"
>1.95
  (ROBIN on 2012-08-23)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.94"
>1.94
  (ROBIN on 2012-06-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.93"
>1.93
  (ROBIN on 2012-02-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.92"
>1.92
  (ROBIN on 2010-07-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.91"
>1.91
  (ROBIN on 2010-07-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.9"
>1.9
  (ROBIN on 2009-06-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.8.1"
>1.8.1
  (ROBIN on 2009-06-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.8"
>1.8
  (ROBIN on 2009-06-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.7"
>1.7
  (ROBIN on 2008-02-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.6"
>1.6
  (ROBIN on 2008-01-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.5"
>1.5
  (ROBIN on 2007-01-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.4"
>1.4
  (ROBIN on 2007-01-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.3"
>1.3
  (ROBIN on 2007-01-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.2"
>1.2
  (ROBIN on 2006-11-16)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.1"
>1.1
  (ROBIN on 2006-10-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.0"
>1.0
  (ROBIN on 2005-11-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.99_93"
>0.99_93 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.99_92"
>0.99_92 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.99_91"
>0.99_91 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.13"
>0.13
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.12"
>0.12
  (ROBIN on 2005-08-16)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.11"
>0.11
  (ROBIN on 2005-08-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.10"
>0.10
  (ROBIN on 2003-07-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.09"
>0.09
  (ROBIN on 2003-05-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.08"
>0.08
  (ROBIN on 2002-03-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.07"
>0.07
  (ROBIN on 2002-03-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.06"
>0.06
  (ROBIN on 2002-03-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.05"
>0.05
  (ROBIN on 2002-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.03"
>0.03
  (ROBIN on 2001-07-14)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    </li>
    <li class="version-diff">
<select onchange="document.location.href='/release/ROBIN/PadWalker-2.5/diff/' + encodeURIComponent(this.value) + '/PadWalker.pm'
" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
  <option disabled selected>Diff with version</option>
<option
  disabled
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.5"
>2.5
  (ROBIN on 2020-09-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.4"
>2.4
  (ROBIN on 2020-09-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.3"
>2.3
  (ROBIN on 2017-11-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.2"
>2.2
  (ROBIN on 2015-10-23)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.1"
>2.1
  (ROBIN on 2015-04-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-2.0"
>2.0
  (ROBIN on 2014-12-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.99_1"
>1.99_1 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2014-11-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.99"
>1.99
  (ROBIN on 2014-11-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.98"
>1.98
  (ROBIN on 2013-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.96"
>1.96
  (ROBIN on 2012-08-24)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.97"
>1.97
  (ROBIN on 2013-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.95"
>1.95
  (ROBIN on 2012-08-23)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.94"
>1.94
  (ROBIN on 2012-06-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.93"
>1.93
  (ROBIN on 2012-02-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.92"
>1.92
  (ROBIN on 2010-07-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.91"
>1.91
  (ROBIN on 2010-07-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.9"
>1.9
  (ROBIN on 2009-06-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.8.1"
>1.8.1
  (ROBIN on 2009-06-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.8"
>1.8
  (ROBIN on 2009-06-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.7"
>1.7
  (ROBIN on 2008-02-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.6"
>1.6
  (ROBIN on 2008-01-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.5"
>1.5
  (ROBIN on 2007-01-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.4"
>1.4
  (ROBIN on 2007-01-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.3"
>1.3
  (ROBIN on 2007-01-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.2"
>1.2
  (ROBIN on 2006-11-16)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.1"
>1.1
  (ROBIN on 2006-10-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-1.0"
>1.0
  (ROBIN on 2005-11-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.99_93"
>0.99_93 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.99_92"
>0.99_92 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.99_91"
>0.99_91 DEV
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.13"
>0.13
  (ROBIN on 2005-10-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.12"
>0.12
  (ROBIN on 2005-08-16)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.11"
>0.11
  (ROBIN on 2005-08-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.10"
>0.10
  (ROBIN on 2003-07-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.09"
>0.09
  (ROBIN on 2003-05-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.08"
>0.08
  (ROBIN on 2002-03-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.07"
>0.07
  (ROBIN on 2002-03-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.06"
>0.06
  (ROBIN on 2002-03-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.05"
>0.05
  (ROBIN on 2002-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="ROBIN/PadWalker-0.03"
>0.03
  (ROBIN on 2001-07-14)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    </li>

    <li>
<ul class="dependencies">
  <li class="nav-header">Dependencies</li>
  <li><i class="ttip" title="dynamic_config enabled">unknown</i></li>
  <li>
    <hr>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/PadWalker/requires">Reverse dependencies</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://deps.cpantesters.org/?module=PadWalker">CPAN Testers List</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://cpandeps.grinnz.com/?dist=PadWalker">Dependency graph</a>
  </li>
</ul>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Permalinks</li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://metacpan.org/release/ROBIN/PadWalker-2.5/view/PadWalker.pm">This version</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="PadWalker.html">Latest version</a>
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<div class="plussers">
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>0.11
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>0.10
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>0.09
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>0.08
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>0.07
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>0.05
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  <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div>
<ul>
  <li><a href="PadWalker.html#NAME">NAME</a></li>
  <li><a href="PadWalker.html#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
  <li><a href="PadWalker.html#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
  <li><a href="PadWalker.html#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li>
  <li><a href="PadWalker.html#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
  <li><a href="PadWalker.html#COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
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<div class="pod anchors">
<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1>

<p>PadWalker - play with other peoples&#39; lexical variables</p>

<h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1>

<pre><code>  use PadWalker qw(peek_my peek_our peek_sub closed_over);
  ...</code></pre>

<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1>

<p>PadWalker is a module which allows you to inspect (and even change!) lexical variables in any subroutine which called you. It will only show those variables which are in scope at the point of the call.</p>

<p>PadWalker is particularly useful for debugging. It&#39;s even used by Perl&#39;s built-in debugger. (It can also be used for evil, of course.)</p>

<p>I wouldn&#39;t recommend using PadWalker directly in production code, but it&#39;s your call. Some of the modules that use PadWalker internally are certainly safe for and useful in production.</p>

<dl>

<dt id="peek_my-LEVEL"><a id="peek_my"></a>peek_my LEVEL</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="peek_our-LEVEL"><a id="peek_our"></a>peek_our LEVEL</dt>
<dd>

<p>The LEVEL argument is interpreted just like the argument to <code>caller</code>. So <code>peek_my(0)</code> returns a reference to a hash of all the <code>my</code> variables that are currently in scope; <code>peek_my(1)</code> returns a reference to a hash of all the <code>my</code> variables that are in scope at the point where the current sub was called, and so on.</p>

<p><code>peek_our</code> works in the same way, except that it lists the <code>our</code> variables rather than the <code>my</code> variables.</p>

<p>The hash associates each variable name with a reference to its value. The variable names include the sigil, so the variable $x is represented by the string &#39;$x&#39;.</p>

<p>For example:</p>

<pre><code>  my $x = 12;
  my $h = peek_my (0);
  ${$h-&gt;{&#39;$x&#39;}}++;

  print $x;  # prints 13</code></pre>

<p>Or a more complex example:</p>

<pre><code>  sub increment_my_x {
    my $h = peek_my (1);
    ${$h-&gt;{&#39;$x&#39;}}++;
  }

  my $x=5;
  increment_my_x;
  print $x;  # prints 6</code></pre>

</dd>
<dt id="peek_sub-SUB"><a id="peek_sub"></a>peek_sub SUB</dt>
<dd>

<p>The <code>peek_sub</code> routine takes a coderef as its argument, and returns a hash of the <code>my</code> variables used in that sub. The values will usually be undefined unless the sub is in use (i.e. in the call-chain) at the time. On the other hand:</p>

<pre><code>  my $x = &quot;Hello!&quot;;
  my $r = peek_sub(sub {$x})-&gt;{&#39;$x&#39;};
  print &quot;$$r\n&quot;;        # prints &#39;Hello!&#39;</code></pre>

<p>If the sub defines several <code>my</code> variables with the same name, you&#39;ll get the last one. I don&#39;t know of any use for <code>peek_sub</code> that isn&#39;t broken as a result of this, and it will probably be deprecated in a future version in favour of some alternative interface.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="closed_over-SUB"><a id="closed_over"></a>closed_over SUB</dt>
<dd>

<p><code>closed_over</code> is similar to <code>peek_sub</code>, except that it only lists the <code>my</code> variables which are used in the subroutine but defined outside: in other words, the variables which it closes over. This <i>does</i> have reasonable uses: see <a href="./Data::Dump::Streamer.html">Data::Dump::Streamer</a>, for example (a future version of which may in fact use <code>closed_over</code>).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="set_closed_over-SUB,-HASH_REF"><a id="set_closed_over"></a><a id="set_closed_over-SUB--HASH_REF"></a>set_closed_over SUB, HASH_REF</dt>
<dd>

<p><code>set_closed_over</code> reassigns the pad variables that are closed over by the subroutine.</p>

<p>The second argument is a hash of references, much like the one returned from <code>closed_over</code>.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="var_name-LEVEL,-VAR_REF"><a id="var_name"></a><a id="var_name-LEVEL--VAR_REF"></a>var_name LEVEL, VAR_REF</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="var_name-SUB,-VAR_REF"><a id="var_name1"></a><a id="var_name-SUB--VAR_REF"></a>var_name SUB, VAR_REF</dt>
<dd>

<p><code>var_name(sub, var_ref)</code> returns the name of the variable referred to by <code>var_ref</code>, provided it is a <code>my</code> variable used in the sub. The <code>sub</code> parameter can be either a CODE reference or a number. If it&#39;s a number, it&#39;s treated the same way as the argument to <code>peek_my</code>.</p>

<p>For example,</p>

<pre><code>  my $foo;
  print var_name(0, \$foo);    # prints &#39;$foo&#39;
  
  sub my_name {
    return var_name(1, shift);
  }
  print my_name(\$foo);        # ditto</code></pre>

</dd>
</dl>

<h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1>

<p>Robin Houston &lt;robin@cpan.org&gt;</p>

<p>With contributions from Richard Soberberg, Jesse Luehrs and Yuval Kogman, bug-spotting from Peter Scott, Dave Mitchell and Goro Fuji, and suggestions from demerphq.</p>

<h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1>

<p>Devel::LexAlias, Devel::Caller, Sub::Parameters</p>

<h1 id="COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</h1>

<p>Copyright (c) 2000-2009, Robin Houston. All Rights Reserved. This module is free software. It may be used, redistributed and/or modified under the same terms as Perl itself.</p></div>

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